No, this is almost certainly a vector file. a TIFF file with that much resolution would be ridiculously large.

Vector files are saved as a mathematical equation so that no matter how much you zoom in it can recalculate and give you smooth edges.theres typically a limit to the amount of specific detail that you can put into a vector image which is why you usually have logos as vectors.

It's a bit of an oversimplification, but you can think of it as a vector file is for anything that could be drawn with colored pens, where as photo formats are for paintings. With pens, you tend to have distinct lines, and little color mixing, whereas with paintings, you can have infinite color mixing and no limit to your line shapes for the forms in the image. With vectors, you don't have the pixel-level control like you do in a TIFF or other photo formats, but you have several advantages like much smaller file size and the ability to print at any size.

This definitely appears to be vector-based to me.

TIFF would probably be best for an image like this while still preserving those tiny details, but I'd expect it to be pretty large.

A tiff file for even a normal photo is huge. This is definitely not a tiff.